![]() ![]() (3) Sustainability of Importing of Lead Ore/Concentrate and their processing? (2) Sustainability of Importing lead Ingots and their use? (1) Substitution of LAB with Lithium Ion Batteries? The key questions for the country in regard to import of lead wastes are: There are a total of 541 registered lead waste recyclers in India with a total recycling capacity of about 2.67 million tonnes per annum, as per the Annual Compliance Status Report on Implementation of Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 of 2017-18 published by CPCB and available at: The secondary lead production is through recycling of the lead Scrap/ULAB and cannot meet the growing needs of lead acid batteries in the automotive sector, solar energy and other applications. The primary lead production capacity of the sole producer (Hindustan Zinc Limited, Udaipur, Rajasthan) in the country is 2, 05,000 tonnes per annum. This seen with an average expected actual production of 1,50,000 tonnes per annum of primary lead means that the natural lead reserves in the country will last for 15 -20 years at the most. India has Lead Reserves are only 2.5% of the world with a total availability of only 2.2 Million tonnes. These aspects make the trans-boundary movement (Import/Export) of lead unavoidable until a substitute made to become suitable to replace it in all applications including the lead acid batteries. Lead is not found occurring naturally in all countries. The anthropogenic activities only change its forms in a close loop with some releases back to the environment. Lead cannot be created or consumed or destroyed (unlike tyres, plastics etc). Lead is a naturally occurring material and its inventory on this planet is fixed. Options for Meeting the Demand of lead in India #Leadscrape license licenseIn addition to the MoEFCC’s permission, the import of the lead waste materials covered under chapter 85 “Electrical Machinery and Equipment and parts thereof” of the Import Policy (2017) requires obtaining of the DGFT license also. Import of ULAB is permitted to only those recyclers which have installed automatic battery breaker units. Import of the ULAB/Lead Scarp in India is permitted only to the registered recyclers to the extent of 1/3rd of the recycling capacity subject to their obtaining of the import permission from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) Govt of India. ![]() The Import of lead wastes and their processing to produce secondary lead appears to be the only sustainable option for meeting the demand of lead in India. ![]()
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